Eclipse: um Sol calmo aguarda o evento

Neste sábado (14), acontece um dos eventos astronômicos mais aguardados dos últimos tempos: um eclipse solar que cobrirá quase todo o continente americano, inclusive o Brasil – que não presencia um há quase três décadas. 

Este, então, é ainda mais incrível: quando passar entre a Terra e o Sol, a Lua vai cobrir apenas o centro do astro, formando um círculo de luz visível em seu entorno – o chamado “anel de fogo”. Isso acontece porque ela está mais longe da Terra (próximo ao apogeu, que é o ponto mais distante do planeta), fazendo com que sua circunferência aparente seja menor que a do Sol.

Veja a formação do “Anel de Fogo” no céu do Nordeste brasileiro, ao vivo, com o Olhar Digital. Crédito: luchschenF – Shutterstock

Embora somente algumas cidades do Norte e do Nordeste do Brasil vão conseguir ver o fenômeno completo, todas as regiões vão presenciar, pelo menos, parte dele (ou seja, um eclipse parcial).

O que significa dizer que o Sol está calmo?

É comum que protagonistas de grandes espetáculos fiquem nervosos no dia da apresentação. Não é o caso do Sol, o personagem principal do show desta tarde.

Entenda:

  • Os campos magnéticos do Sol estão em constante atividade;
  • Quando ocorrem altas concentrações de energia magnética interna, aparecem manchas escuras no astro;
  • Essas manchas solares podem explodir em consequência da pressão interna dos campos magnéticos se emaranhando;
  • Quando isso acontece, o Sol dispara jatos de plasma (vento solar) para o espaço;
  • Esses jatos também são chamados de ejeção de massa coronal (CME);
  • Se as CMEs são lançadas em direção à Terra, podem atingir a atmosfera do planeta e reagir com a magnetosfera;
  • Isso provoca tempestades geomagnéticas;
  • A depender da potência, essas tempestades podem ocasionar desde a formação de auroras até efeitos mais graves, como interrupções em sistemas de comunicação ou mesmo derrubar satélites em órbita;
  • A atividade solar oscila em ciclos de cerca de 11 anos;
  • Próximo ao pico de cada ciclo (Máximo Solar), o Sol fica mais “furioso”;
  • Isso quer dizer que as erupções surgem em maior número e mais violentas;
  • O Máximo Solar do ciclo atual era previsto para 2025, mas pode chegar ainda este ano;
  • Isso porque a atividade solar tem se mostrado cada vez mais intensa que o previsto.

No entanto, exatamente no dia do eclipse, essa turbulência toda que tem sido muito comum de se observar deu uma trégua.

Visão produzido pela junção de imagens captadas pela sonda Solar Orbiter e o telescópio SOHO mostra uma erupção gigante do Sol. Crédito: Solar Orbiter Team / EUI, SOHO / LASCO, ESA e NASA

Atividade solar no dia do eclipse

De acordo com o site Earthsky.org, especializado em observações astronômicas, nenhuma grande atividade aconteceu no Sol na sexta-feira (13), e o astro continua em baixo nível de excitação, com ocorrências esporádicas de explosões de classe C (consideradas fracas).

Conforme uma classificação estabelecida internacionalmente, as erupções solares X são o tipo mais forte, dentro de uma escala distribuída entre as categorias A, B, C, M e X (da mais fraca à mais poderosa delas). 

Na véspera do eclipse, foram vistas apenas seis explosões, todas de grau C. A maior foi uma erupção C9.9 (quase M), disparada pela mancha solar AR3460 no quadrante sudoeste. 

Com isso a previsão para este sábado é de 95% de chance para explosões C, 25% para explosões M e 1% de chance para explosões X. Ou seja: nenhum estresse no Sol neste dia tão especial!



Fonte: Folha | G1 | Olhar Digital

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