Como uma decisão da China pode deixar os carros elétricos mais caros

Bandeira da China

Tudo sobre China

A China vai passar a exigir permissões de exportação de grafite. A medida foi anunciada pelo governo do país nesta sexta-feira (20) e tem como objetivo controlar os suprimentos de minerais considerados essenciais, garantindo a segurança nacional. As restrições podem provocar grandes impactos econômicos, uma vez que o material é usado em praticamente todas as baterias de veículos elétricos.

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Chineses dominam a produção mundial de grafite

  • A China é o maior produtor e exportador de grafite do mundo.
  • O país também refina mais de 90% de todo o grafite do planeta.
  • As novas regras entram em vigor a partir de 1º de dezembro e são semelhantes às adotadas por Pequim desde 1º de agosto para dois metais de fabricação de chips, o gálio e o germânio, que reduziram as exportações e aumentaram os preços dos produtos fora do país.
  • As informações são do UOL.
Carros elétricos carregando em parada na estrada
Restrições chinesas podem aumentar custo de produção de veículos elétricos (Imagem: Rawpixel)

Impacto no mercado dos veículos elétricos

A exigência de licenças de exportação foi anunciada no momento em que muitos governos estrangeiros estão aumentando a pressão sobre as empresas chinesas em relação às suas práticas industriais.

A União Europeia está avaliando a possibilidade de cobrar tarifas sobre os veículos elétricos fabricados na China, argumentando que eles se beneficiam injustamente de subsídios. Além disso, o governo dos Estados Unidos ampliou as restrições ao acesso das empresas chinesas a semicondutores, incluindo a suspensão das vendas de chips de inteligência artificial mais avançados fabricados pela Nvidia.

O Ministério do Comércio de Pequim disse que a medida em relação ao grafite foi “conducente a garantir a segurança e a estabilidade da cadeia de suprimentos global e da cadeia industrial, e conducente a uma melhor proteção da segurança e dos interesses nacionais”.

O governo chinês acrescentou que não estava visando nenhum país específico. Entre os principais compradores de grafite da China estão o Japão, os Estados Unidos, a Índia e a Coreia do Sul, de acordo com dados da alfândega chinesa.

As novas regras preveem que os exportadores solicitem permissões para enviar dois tipos de grafite, incluindo material de grafite sintético de alta pureza, alta dureza e alta intensidade, além de grafite natural em flocos e seus produtos. Três tipos de itens de grafite “altamente sensíveis” já estavam sob controle temporário, informou o Ministério do Comércio, e estão incluídos na nova lista.

Ao mesmo tempo, foram retirados os controles temporários sobre cinco itens de grafite menos sensíveis usados em indústrias básicas, como aço, metalurgia e produtos químicos.

Com o aumento das vendas de veículos elétricos, as montadoras estão buscando suprimentos de fora da China, mas a escassez está se aproximando.

Com essa nova restrição à exportação de grafite, as empresas sul-coreanas que dependem fortemente da China para as importações de grafite precisariam buscar alternativas, como minas dos Estados Unidos ou da Austrália, mas isso provavelmente aumentaria a carga de custos para muitos.

Kang Dong-jin, analista da Hyundai Motor Securities

Segundo especialistas, ainda não está claro o impacto que as novas medidas sobre o grafite terão no curto prazo. Os preços do grafite natural em flocos chegaram a US$ 539 a tonelada métrica nesta semana, uma queda de 25,5% em relação ao início deste ano, devido à queda na demanda do setor de veículos elétricos, de acordo com a Mysteel.



Fonte: Folha | G1 | Olhar Digital

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