Por que dubladores brasileiros protestam por regulamentação da inteligência artificial?


Vozes de Goku, Maggie Simpson, Lindinha e outros personagens se uniram em movimento para tentar impedir substituição de humanos por robôs que imitam falas no cinema e na TV. Os dubladores Wendel Bezerra, Selma Lopes, Gilberto Baroli e Christiane Monteiro em vídeos de apoio ao movimento Dublagem Viva
Reprodução/Instagram
Dubladores brasileiros criaram um movimento para pedir a regulamentação do uso de inteligência artificial em filmes, séries, jogos de videogame e outras produções audiovisuais.
A preocupação do setor é que artistas humanos sejam substituídos por sistemas capazes de imitar vozes reais, a partir de padrões vocais identificados em registros disponíveis na internet. Um relatório da Universidade de Oxford, publicado em 2013, inclui os dubladores entre profissionais colocados em risco pelo avanço da tecnologia.
“Nosso interesse não é proibir nenhuma evolução tecnológica, queremos apenas garantir que o que é apenas uma ferramenta de criação não passe a ser entendido como o nosso criador”, diz um manifesto da campanha Dublagem Viva.
O movimento tem o apoio de Wendel Bezerra, voz em português do personagem Goku de “Dragon Ball”, Gilberto Baroli, o Saga de “Os Cavaleiros do Zodíaco”, Selma Lopes, a Maggie Simpson, Christiane Monteiro, a Lindinha de “As Meninas Superpoderosas”, entre outros nomes da dublagem brasileira.
Uma petição liderada pela United Voice Artists, grupo global de associações de dublagem, já reuniu mais de 50 mil assinaturas para impedir a substituição de dubladores humanos por robôs.
Os limites para o uso de inteligência artificial em produções audiovisuais são alvo de debate no mundo inteiro, e foram um dos pontos-chave da greve dos atores de Hollywood, que durou quase quatro meses em 2023.
Inteligência artificial lança 1º hit e incomoda gigantes da música; quem fica com os direitos autorais?
Os estúdios vêm experimentando a IA nos últimos anos, seja trazendo de volta estrelas de cinema que já morreram, com o uso de “réplicas digitais” realistas, seja criando figurantes gerados por computador para reduzir o número de atores necessários para as cenas de batalha.
Segundo o Sindicato dos Atores, o acordo firmado ao fim da greve não bloqueia o uso de IA, mas garante aos artistas compensações justas e o direito ao consentimento para ter suas imagens reproduzidas ou alteradas por computador.
O que querem os dubladores?
No Brasil, o movimento Dublagem Viva pede que também sejam determinadas regras para “equilibrar os avanços tecnológicos com a preservação de empregos e garantir a qualidade da dublagem”.
A campanha destaca que é função dos artistas vocais dar autenticidade à versão dublada das produções e adaptar os personagens à cultura e ao contexto de cada país.
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“Quando você assiste a um filme, você não vê toda a vida que foi colocada dentro do estúdio”, diz Wendel Bezerra, voz do Goku, em vídeo sobre a campanha publicado nas redes sociais.
“A gente quebra a cabeça e coloca nossa inteligência natural para saber como comunicar da melhor forma. Para fazer isso, são necessárias sensibilidade e percepção artística.”
Entre os limites para o uso de inteligência artificial reivindicados pelos dubladores, estão:
Que a IA não seja usada para reproduzir vozes de atores em outros idiomas para o português, com a finalidade de substituir os dubladores;
Que o uso de IA na dublagem esteja em conformidade com as leis de direitos autorais, os contratos de trabalho e os acordos estabelecidos com os detentores dos direitos;
Que a IA não seja usada para promover ou perpetuar estereótipos, discriminação racial, étnica, de gênero ou qualquer forma de discriminação e preconceito;
Que a regulamentação seja elaborada de forma abrangente e consulte todos os envolvidos no setor, incluindo profissionais da dublagem, estúdios de produção, detentores de direitos autorais, especialistas e sociedade civil.
O manifesto do movimento pede que as ferramentas de IA sejam usadas apenas para auxiliar e aprimorar os processos em produções audiovisuais. “A IA pode ajudar no combate à pirataria de conteúdo, ao fornecer mecanismos mais eficazes para detectar e bloquear reproduções ilegais, além de criar ferramentas de reconhecimento de voz e análise de conteúdo para identificar tentativas de uso não autorizado de material dublado”, sugere o texto.
“É essencial preservar a expressão vocal, emoção e interpretação artística que os profissionais trazem para o processo de dublagem. A tecnologia deve ser vista como uma ferramenta complementar, não como um substituto.”

Fonte: Folha | G1 | Olhar Digital

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